The origins of caricature in Latin America are linked to the consolidation of new political regimes and the expansion of printing. In Peru, although printing arrived in the late 16th century, its initial use was limited to religious and official texts, relying on wood carving and later copper engraving. The first graphic manifestations of satire appeared between 1549 and 1695, as a critical drawing against Viceroy Pedro de La Gasca and Archbishop Gerónimo de Loayza, circulated clandestinely in the streets of Lima. Even around 1630, Friar Buenaventura de Salinas y Córdova reported that indigenous people already used caricatures as a form of protest, representing themselves as shorn sheep facing Spaniards characterized as false Christians who bought justice in the courts.
